ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC UTILIZATION PATTERNS AND EMERGING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major global public health concern due to the increasing misuse and overuse of antibiotics in healthcare settings. Monitoring antibiotic utilization patterns and resistance profiles is essential for understanding prescribing practices and strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs. The present study aimed to analyze antibiotic utilization patterns and evaluate antimicrobial resistance among patients receiving antibiotic therapy in a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted using hospital electronic medical records, pharmacy prescription databases, and microbiology laboratory reports. A total of 80 patient records with confirmed bacterial infections and documented antibiotic prescriptions were included in the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, antibiotic classes prescribed, bacterial isolates identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility results were collected and analyzed. Descriptive statistical methods were applied to determine frequencies and percentages of antibiotic utilization and bacterial isolates. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the association between antibiotic class and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Pearson correlation and logistic regression analyses were also conducted to assess the relationship between antibiotic utilization score and resistance outcomes. The results showed
that most patients belonged to the middle-aged group and that cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Microbiological findings revealed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant bacterial isolates identified. Correlation and regression analyses further indicated that antibiotic utilization score was not a significant predictor of antimicrobial resistance. Continuous monitoring of antibiotic use and resistance patterns remains essential for promoting rational antibiotic prescribing and improving antimicrobial stewardship practices.
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