ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE BURDEN AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE DYNAMICS IN CLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial resistance remains a serious issue in healthcare, since it reduces the efficacy of treatment and complicates the process of treating bacterial infection. Multidrug resistance plays an important role because of its potential impact on the selection of therapy and antibiotic stewardship programs. The present study assessed antimicrobial resistance burden and multidrug resistance dynamics in clinical bacterial isolates and examined their association with clinical outcomes. A quantitative retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted using 2,200 clinical isolate records. Variables included age, gender, specimen type, susceptibility results for five antibiotics, resistance
genes, test method, and clinical outcome. Susceptibility categories were converted into resistance scores, and multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to at least three tested antibiotics. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, binary logistic regression, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed at a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The mean age was 45.65 ± 26.27 years, with nearly equal gender distribution. Blood was the most common specimen
type. VIM was the most frequent resistance gene, followed by OXA-48. Meropenem showed the highest resistance frequency, while colistin showed the highest sensitivity frequency. Multidrug resistance was identified in 20.55% of isolates. MDR status was not significantly associated with gender, specimen type, test method, resistance genes, or clinical outcome. The resistance score did not differ significantly across outcome groups. Logistic regression showed no significant mortality predictors, while MDR status correlated moderately with total resistance score. The burden of antimicrobial resistance was clear from high levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) and varied patterns of resistance genes. Mortality could not be predicted by the resistance burden alone.
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